Refreshing a database for a DBA is as common as breathing (I might be exaggerating it, or am I?). The post refresh activity is to provide the same set of permissions for all the users on the database which were there before being overwritten with a fresh prod copy.
If you are doing it manually than you must be aware about the missing permissions issue that users come up with post you have done the restore and fixed orphan and have already moved on to the next task in hand.
Mixing up the permissions or missing something out is common, and to avoid this I use the below script. I am not the owner of this script but it is something that I have used way too much. Github link.
--Use below to script out the permissions for a particular database
SET NOCOUNT ON
/*Prep statements*/
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tbl_db_principals_statements') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE ##tbl_db_principals_statements
CREATE TABLE ##tbl_db_principals_statements (stmt varchar(max), result_order decimal(4,1))
IF ((SELECT SUBSTRING(convert(sysname, SERVERPROPERTY('productversion')), 1, charindex('.',convert(sysname, SERVERPROPERTY('productversion')))-1)) > 10)
EXEC ('
INSERT INTO ##tbl_db_principals_statements (stmt, result_order)
SELECT
CASE WHEN rm.authentication_type IN (2, 0) /* 2=contained database user with password, 0 =user without login; create users without logins*/ THEN (''IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT [name] FROM sys.database_principals WHERE [name] = '' + SPACE(1) + '''''''' + [name] + '''''''' + '') BEGIN CREATE USER '' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME([name]) + '' WITHOUT LOGIN WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = '' + QUOTENAME([default_schema_name]) + SPACE(1) + '', SID = '' + CONVERT(varchar(1000), sid, 1) + SPACE(1) + '' END; '')
ELSE (''IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT [name] FROM sys.database_principals WHERE [name] = '' + SPACE(1) + '''''''' + [name] + '''''''' + '') BEGIN CREATE USER '' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME([name]) + '' FOR LOGIN '' + QUOTENAME(suser_sname([sid])) + CASE WHEN [type] <>''G'' THEN '' WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = '' + QUOTENAME(ISNULL([default_schema_name], ''dbo'')) ELSE '''' END + SPACE(1) + ''END; '')
END AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
3.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM sys.database_principals AS rm
WHERE [type] IN (''U'', ''S'', ''G'') /* windows users, sql users, windows groups */
AND NAME NOT IN (''guest'',''dbo'')')
ELSE IF ((SELECT SUBSTRING(convert(sysname, SERVERPROPERTY('productversion')), 1, charindex('.',convert(sysname, SERVERPROPERTY('productversion')))-1)) IN (9,10))
EXEC ('
INSERT INTO ##tbl_db_principals_statements (stmt, result_order)
SELECT (''IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT [name] FROM sys.database_principals WHERE [name] = '' + SPACE(1) + '''''''' + [name] + '''''''' + '') BEGIN CREATE USER '' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME([name]) + '' FOR LOGIN '' + QUOTENAME(suser_sname([sid])) + CASE WHEN [type] <>''G'' THEN '' WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = '' + QUOTENAME(ISNULL([default_schema_name], ''dbo'')) ELSE '''' END + SPACE(1) + ''END; '') AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
3.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM sys.database_principals AS rm
WHERE [type] IN (''U'', ''S'', ''G'') /* windows users, sql users, windows groups */
AND NAME NOT IN (''guest'',''dbo'')')
--SELECT * FROM ##tbl_db_principals_statements
DECLARE
@sql VARCHAR(2048)
,@sort INT
DECLARE tmp CURSOR FOR
/*********************************************/
/********* DB CONTEXT STATEMENT *********/
/*********************************************/
SELECT '-- [-- DB CONTEXT --] --' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT 'USE' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(DB_NAME()) AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
1.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT '' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
2 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
/*********************************************/
/********* DB USER CREATION *********/
/*********************************************/
SELECT '-- [-- DB USERS --] --' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
3 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT
[stmt],
3.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM ##tbl_db_principals_statements
--WHERE [type] IN ('U', 'S', 'G') -- windows users, sql users, windows groups
WHERE [stmt] IS NOT NULL
UNION
/*********************************************/
/********* MAP ORPHANED USERS *********/
/*********************************************/
SELECT '-- [-- ORPHANED USERS --] --' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
4 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT 'ALTER USER [' + rm.name + '] WITH LOGIN = [' + rm.name + ']',
4.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM sys.database_principals AS rm
Inner JOIN sys.server_principals as sp
ON rm.name = sp.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT and rm.sid <> sp.sid
WHERE rm.[type] IN ('U', 'S', 'G') -- windows users, sql users, windows groups
AND rm.name NOT IN ('dbo', 'guest', 'INFORMATION_SCHEMA', 'sys', 'MS_DataCollectorInternalUser')
UNION
/*********************************************/
/********* DB ROLE PERMISSIONS *********/
/*********************************************/
SELECT '-- [-- DB ROLES --] --' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
5 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT 'IF DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID(' + QUOTENAME([name],'''') COLLATE database_default + ') IS NULL' + SPACE(1) + 'CREATE ROLE'
+ SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME([name]),
5.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM sys.database_principals
WHERE [type] ='R' -- R = Role
AND [is_fixed_role] = 0
--ORDER BY [name] ASC
UNION
SELECT 'IF DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID(' + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(rm.member_principal_id),'''') COLLATE database_default + ') IS NOT NULL' + SPACE(1) + 'EXEC sp_addrolemember @rolename ='
+ SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(rm.role_principal_id), '''') COLLATE database_default + ', @membername =' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(rm.member_principal_id), '''') COLLATE database_default AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
5.2 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM sys.database_role_members AS rm
WHERE USER_NAME(rm.member_principal_id) IN (
--get user names on the database
SELECT [name]
FROM sys.database_principals
WHERE [principal_id] > 4 -- 0 to 4 are system users/schemas
and [type] IN ('G', 'S', 'U') -- S = SQL user, U = Windows user, G = Windows group
)
--ORDER BY rm.role_principal_id ASC
UNION
SELECT '' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
7 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
/*********************************************/
/********* OBJECT LEVEL PERMISSIONS *********/
/*********************************************/
SELECT '-- [-- OBJECT LEVEL PERMISSIONS --] --' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
7.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT 'IF DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID(' + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(usr.principal_id),'''') COLLATE database_default + ') IS NOT NULL' + SPACE(1) +
CASE
WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN perm.state_desc
ELSE 'GRANT'
END
+ SPACE(1) + perm.permission_name + SPACE(1) + 'ON ' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(perm.major_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id)) --select, execute, etc on specific objects
+ CASE
WHEN cl.column_id IS NULL THEN SPACE(0)
ELSE '(' + QUOTENAME(cl.name) + ')'
END
+ SPACE(1) + 'TO' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(usr.principal_id)) COLLATE database_default
+ CASE
WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN SPACE(0)
ELSE SPACE(1) + 'WITH GRANT OPTION'
END
AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
7.2 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM
sys.database_permissions AS perm
/* No join to sys.objects as it excludes system objects such as extended stored procedures */
/* INNER JOIN
sys.objects AS obj
ON perm.major_id = obj.[object_id]
*/
INNER JOIN
sys.database_principals AS usr
ON perm.grantee_principal_id = usr.principal_id
LEFT JOIN
sys.columns AS cl
ON cl.column_id = perm.minor_id AND cl.[object_id] = perm.major_id
WHERE /* Include System objects when scripting permissions for master, exclude elsewhere */
( DB_NAME() <> 'master' AND perm.major_id IN (SELECT [object_id] FROM sys.objects WHERE type NOT IN ('S'))
OR DB_NAME() = 'master'
)
--WHERE usr.name = @OldUser
--ORDER BY perm.permission_name ASC, perm.state_desc ASC
UNION
/*********************************************/
/********* TYPE LEVEL PERMISSIONS *********/
/*********************************************/
SELECT '-- [-- TYPE LEVEL PERMISSIONS --] --' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
8 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT 'IF DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID(' + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(usr.principal_id),'''') COLLATE database_default + ') IS NOT NULL' + SPACE(1) +
CASE
WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN perm.state_desc
ELSE 'GRANT'
END
+ SPACE(1) + perm.permission_name + SPACE(1) + 'ON ' + QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(tp.schema_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tp.name) --select, execute, etc on specific objects
+ SPACE(1) + 'TO' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(usr.principal_id)) COLLATE database_default
+ CASE
WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN SPACE(0)
ELSE SPACE(1) + 'WITH GRANT OPTION'
END
AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
8.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM
sys.database_permissions AS perm
INNER JOIN
sys.types AS tp
ON perm.major_id = tp.user_type_id
INNER JOIN
sys.database_principals AS usr
ON perm.grantee_principal_id = usr.principal_id
UNION
SELECT '' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
9 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
/*********************************************/
/********* DB LEVEL PERMISSIONS *********/
/*********************************************/
SELECT '-- [--DB LEVEL PERMISSIONS --] --' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
10 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT 'IF DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID(' + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(usr.principal_id),'''') COLLATE database_default + ') IS NOT NULL' + SPACE(1) +
CASE
WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN perm.state_desc --W=Grant With Grant Option
ELSE 'GRANT'
END
+ SPACE(1) + perm.permission_name --CONNECT, etc
+ SPACE(1) + 'TO' + SPACE(1) + '[' + USER_NAME(usr.principal_id) + ']' COLLATE database_default --TO <user name>
+ CASE
WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN SPACE(0)
ELSE SPACE(1) + 'WITH GRANT OPTION'
END
AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
10.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
FROM sys.database_permissions AS perm
INNER JOIN
sys.database_principals AS usr
ON perm.grantee_principal_id = usr.principal_id
--WHERE usr.name = @OldUser
WHERE [perm].[major_id] = 0
AND [usr].[principal_id] > 4 -- 0 to 4 are system users/schemas
AND [usr].[type] IN ('G', 'S', 'U', 'R') -- S = SQL user, U = Windows user, G = Windows group
UNION
SELECT '' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
11 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT '-- [--DB LEVEL SCHEMA PERMISSIONS --] --' AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
12 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
UNION
SELECT 'IF DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID(' + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id),'''') COLLATE database_default + ') IS NOT NULL' + SPACE(1) +
CASE
WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN perm.state_desc --W=Grant With Grant Option
ELSE 'GRANT'
END
+ SPACE(1) + perm.permission_name --CONNECT, etc
+ SPACE(1) + 'ON' + SPACE(1) + class_desc + '::' COLLATE database_default --TO <user name>
+ QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(major_id))
+ SPACE(1) + 'TO' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)) COLLATE database_default
+ CASE
WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN SPACE(0)
ELSE SPACE(1) + 'WITH GRANT OPTION'
END
AS [-- SQL STATEMENTS --],
12.1 AS [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
from sys.database_permissions AS perm
inner join sys.schemas s
on perm.major_id = s.schema_id
inner join sys.database_principals dbprin
on perm.grantee_principal_id = dbprin.principal_id
WHERE class = 3 --class 3 = schema
ORDER BY [-- RESULT ORDER HOLDER --]
OPEN tmp
FETCH NEXT FROM tmp INTO @sql, @sort
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
PRINT @sql
FETCH NEXT FROM tmp INTO @sql, @sort
END
CLOSE tmp
DEALLOCATE tmp
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tbl_db_principals_statements') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE ##tbl_db_principals_statementsYou have to run the above script which you will be overwriting and it’s output will look like below:
You will have the script for all the possible permissions scripted out. I have you used the above output in automating refresh.
I hope this script helps you.
being a dba 